A Pelton turbine or Pelton wheel is a type
of turbine used frequently in hydroelectric plants.
These turbines are generally used for sites
with heads greater than 300 meters. This type of
turbine was created during the gold rush in 1880 by Lester
Pelton.When used for generating electricity, there is usually
a water reservoir located at some height above the Pelton
turbine. The water then flows through
the penstock to specialized nozzles that introduce
pressurized water to the turbine. To prevent irregularities
in pressure, the penstock is fitted with a surge tank that
absorbs sudden fluctuations in water that could alter the
pressure.Unlike other types of turbines which are reaction
turbines, the Pelton turbine is known as an impulse turbine.
This simply means that instead of moving as a result of a
reaction force, water creates some impulse on the turbine to
get it to move.Pelton turbine is used in the hydroelectric power
plant where the water available at high head i.e. 150 m to 2000 m
or even more. In hydroelectric power plant it is used to drive the
generator attached to it and the generator generates the mechanical
energy of the turbine into electrical energy.This is all about the
Pelton turbine working, main parts, application with
diagramtypewater headinstall capacityFrancis
turbine20-300M50KW-20MWPelton turbine80-1000M50KW-20MWkaplant
turbine3-45M50KW-10MWTurgo turbine30-400M50KW-10MW The
operation of a Pelton turbine is fairly simple. In this type of
turbine, high speed jets of water emerge from the nozzles
that surround the turbine. These nozzles are arranged so the water
jet will hit the buckets at splitters, the center of the
bucket where the water jet is divided into two streams. The two
separate streams then flow along the inner curve of the bucket and
leave in the opposite direction that it came in. This change in
momentum of the water creates an impulse on the blades of the
turbine, generating torque and rotation in the
turbine.[3]The high speed water jets are created by pushing high
pressure water (such as water falling from high heads) through
nozzles at atmospheric pressure. The maximum output is obtained
from a Pelton turbine when the impulse obtained by the blades is
maximum, meaning that the water stream is deflected exactly
opposite to the direction at which it strikes the buckets at. As
well, the efficiency of these wheels is highest when the
speed of the movement of the cups is half of the speed of the water
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