Pump shaftThe pump shaft transmits the drivetorque to
the impellers of centrifugal pumps or to the
displacement elements of rotary positive displacement
pumps.The shaft of reciprocating positive displacement pumps takes
the shape of a crankshaft or a camshaft.The pump shaft is the
central component of a centrifugal pump rotor and carries the
impellers, the shaft sleeves (e. g. spacer sleeves between the
impellers or shaft protecting sleeves in the shaft
seal area), the bearings (rolling element
bearings or plain bearing sleeves and thrust collars), in some
cases balance discs or drums (see Balancing device) and
the coupling as well as other components that are part of
the rotor (e. g. throwers, balancing discs, inducers, shaft
nuts). Close-coupled pumps do not have a coupling
(see Shaft coupling), and the hollow shafts of propeller
pumps incorporate the adjusting rod which actuates
the adjustment mechanism (see Impeller blade pitch
adjustment).As well as transmitting energy, the pump shaft is
designed to centre the rotating components on the pump rotor within
the bores of the pump casing in such a way that the
former do not touch the latter when the pump is running, taking
shaft deflection into account.It is necessary to keep the radial
distance between pump rotor and pump casing, i.e. the clearance
gap, as small as possible in order to reduce the flow losses
(see Clearance gap losses) and the leakage rate. This means
that some contact may occur at these clearance gaps under certain
operating conditions in multistage pumps, and therefore
the materials used in these places must have certain
minimum sliding properties.When sizing a pump shaft, it is
essential to take into account not only the maximum torques and
permissible shaft deflections, but also any bending and
torsional vibrations which may develop (see Vibration).
Establishing the critical speeds requires a good deal of
practical know-how as aspects such as the damping influence (which
is hardly predictable theoretically) exercised by the throttling
gaps and the special stiffening effects resulting from different
modes of installation have to be taken into account.
Finally, the effects of corrosion on the shaft material
must be considered, with the exception of "dry" shafts (shafts
which do no come into contact with the fluid handled), i.e. a
corrosion-resistant material grade must be used (see Material
selection). In all cases, however, the shaft material must be
selected so as to ensure that it does not suffer permanent
deformation over time as a result
of temperature fluctuations./* January 22, 2024 19:08:37
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